Shia Isna Ashari riwayat mein Chahardah Masoomeen se muraad Rasool-e-Akram Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W.), aap ki beti Syeda Fatima Zahra (S.A.) aur Imam Ali se Imam Mahdi (A.T.F.S.) tak barah Aimma (A.S.) hain. Unhein imaan ke kaamil namoone aur Quran ke mustanad rehnuma maana jata hai.
Masoom ka kya matlab hai?
Masoom ka matlab hai “mehfooz”. Shia Isna Ashari ilm-e-kalaam mein ismat Allah ki ata karda aik sifat hai jis ke zariye Rasool-e-Akram, Fatima aur Aimma gunah se aur deen ke muamlaat mein khata se mehfooz rehte hain. Ise ikhtiyar ke salb ho jane ke maani mein nahi samjha jata, balke ilm aur bandagi ka aisa kamaal samjha jata hai jis ki wajah se un ke liye ghalat kaam ka tasawwur bhi mumkin nahi rehta.
Yeh aqeeda Quran aur Sunnat par mabni hai, jaisa ke Aimma ne unhein samjha. Is ke sab se mufassal ibtidai bayanaat Kulaini, Shaikh Saduq, Shaikh Mufeed aur Syed Murtaza ki tasaneef mein milte hain.
Qurani bunyadein
Aayat-e-Tatheer (33:33)
“Allah to bas yahi chahta hai ke aye Ahl-e-Bait! tum se har napaki ko door rakhe aur tumhein aisa paak kare jaisa paak karne ka haq hai.” Sahih Muslim mein hai ke Rasool-e-Akram ne is aayat ke silsile mein Ali, Fatima, Hasan aur Husain ko apni chadar ke neeche jama kiya — yeh waqia “Kisa” ke naam se maroof hai.
Hawala jaat: al-Qur’an al-Karim (33:33); al-Sahih (Kitab Fazail al-Sahaba, Ahl-e-Bait-e-Nabi ke fazail)
Aayat-e-Mubahala (3:61)
Jab Najran ke Isaiyon ne Rasool-e-Akram se behes ki to aap ko hukm hua ke “hamare beton aur tumhare beton, hamari auraton aur tumhari auraton, hamare nafson aur tumhare nafson” ko bulayein. Aap Hasan aur Husain, Fatima aur Ali ke saath nikle.
Hawala jaat: al-Qur’an al-Karim (3:61); al-Sahih (Kitab Fazail al-Sahaba, Ali ke fazail)
Aayat-e-Mawaddat (42:23)
Rasool-e-Akram ko yeh kehne ka hukm hua ke woh apni risalat par koi ajr nahi maangte siwaye apne qareebi rishtedaron ki mohabbat ke. Shia mufassireen aur baaz Sunni mufassireen un se muraad Ali, Fatima aur un ke bete lete hain.
Hawala jaat: al-Qur’an al-Karim (42:23)
Aayat-e-Wilayat (5:55)
“Tumhara wali to bas Allah, us ka Rasool aur woh imaan wale hain jo namaz qaim karte hain aur rukoo ki haalat mein zakat dete hain.” Shia mufassireen aur mutaddid Sunni mufassireen riwayat karte hain ke yeh aayat us waqt nazil hui jab Imam Ali ne namaz mein rukoo ki haalat mein aik saail ko apni angoothi di.
Hawala jaat: al-Qur’an al-Karim (5:55); Asbab al-Nuzul
Imamat
Shia Isna Ashari aqeeda hai ke Rasool-e-Akram ke baad Allah ne ummat ki rehnumai ke liye barah Aimma muqarrar kiye, jin mein se har aik ko Rasool-e-Akram ne ya pichhle Imam ne naamzad (nass) kiya. Imam par nayi wahi nazil nahi hoti; woh paigham ki hifazat aur tashreeh karta hai aur use us ki kaamiliyat ke saath jeeta hai. Shia aur Sunni dono majmuon ki riwayaat mein Rasool-e-Akram ke baad Quraish mein se barah janasheenon ka zikr hai.
Syeda Fatima Imam nahi hain, lekin un ka maqaam munfarid hai: woh Rasool-e-Akram ki beti, pehle Imam ki zauja aur un ke baad tamam Aimma ki maa hain.
Un ki zindagiyon ka mutala kyun?
Ahl-e-imaan ke liye chaudah Masoomeen ki zindagiyan Quran ki zinda tafseer hain: Makkah mein sabr, Madinah mein hukmrani ki baseerat, Kufa mein adl, Karbala mein qurbani, Madinah ki khamosh dahaiyon mein bandagi, Imam Baqir aur Imam Sadiq ke halqon mein ilm, Abbasi qaid-khanon mein istiqamat, aur Imam-e-Muntazar ki umeed. Har qaari ke liye yeh zindagiyan Islami tehzeeb ki tashkeel ko samajhne ka aik dareecha hain.
Hawala jaat
- al-Qur’an al-Karim
- al-Kafi — al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 329 Hijri / 941 Esvi). Kitab al-Hujja
- Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi)
- Shi‘ite Islam — Tabataba’i, Muhammad Husayn
- An Introduction to Shi‘i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi‘ism — Momen, Moojan
- The Divine Guide in Early Shi‘ism — Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali