Idarti haisiyat: mustanad ulama ki nazar-e-saani ka muntazir masauda. Tasheeh ke liye rabta safha istemal karein.
Imam Hasan (A.S.), Rasool-e-Akram ke sab se bare nawase, ne apne walid ki shahadat ke baad thore arse tak ummat ki qayadat ki, phir momineen ki hifazat ke liye Muawiya se sulh ka muahida kiya. Shia Isna Ashari riwayat aap ko doosre Imam ke taur par, jo apni sakhawat ke liye mashhoor hain, aur usooli zabt-o-tahammul ke ek namoone ke taur par izzat deti hai.
Rasool-e-Akram ke saath bachpan
Imam Hasan ka zahoor 15 Ramazan 3 Hijri ko Madina mein hua; aap Imam Ali aur Syeda Fatima ke pehle farzand the. Rasool-e-Akram ne aap ka naam rakha, aur Shia aur Sunni dono majmuon ki riwayaat aap aur aap ke bhai se Rasool-e-Akram ki gehri mohabbat ka zikr karti hain. Aap Mubahila mein maujood the aur Ayat-e-Tatheer ke nuzool ke waqt chadar ke neeche jama hone walon mein shamil the.
Sahih Bukhari mein darj hai ke Rasool-e-Akram ne aap ke baare mein farmaya ke un ka yeh beta sayyid hai, jis ke zariye mumkin hai Allah Musalmanon ke do bare girohon ke darmiyan sulh karwa de.
Walid ke zer-e-saya
Aap ne apne walid ki muhimmaat mein hissa liya, Jang-e-Jamal se pehle Kufa paighamaat le kar gaye aur Siffeen mein lade. Imam Ali ne apni wafat se pehle aap ko apna jaanasheen namzad kiya.
Imamat aur sulh ka muahida
Ramazan 40 Hijri mein Imam Ali ki shahadat ke baad Kufa ke logon ne Imam Hasan ki bai'at ki. Shaam ke governor Muawiya ne aap ko tasleem karne se inkar kiya aur Iraq ki taraf peshqadmi ki. Imam Hasan ne lashkar tayyar kiya, lekin saath chhorne walon — jin mein aap ke sipah-salar Ubaidullah ibn Abbas bhi shamil the — aur aap ki apni safon mein phoot ne aap ko kamzor halat mein chhor diya.
41 Hijri mein aap ne Muawiya se muahida kiya. Maakhaz is ki sharait mukhtalif andaz mein naql karte hain, lekin aam taur par un mein yeh shamil hai ke Muawiya Quran aur Sunnat ke mutabiq hukoomat karega, kisi ko jaanasheen muqarrar nahin karega, Imam Ali ke pairokaron ki hifazat ki zamanat dega, aur Imam Ali par elaniya lanat ka silsila khatam karega. Shia Isna Ashari ulama is muahide ko hathiyar daalna nahin balke bar-haq Imam ka faisla samajhte hain jis ka maqsad momineen ki jaanein bachana aur apne mukhalif ki asal haqeeqat ko be-naqab karna tha. Muawiya ne baad mein is ki sharait tor deen, sab se barh kar apne bete Yazid ko jaanasheen namzad kar ke.
Madina mein zindagi
Imam Hasan Madina laut aaye, jahan aap ne taleem di aur Rasool-e-Akram ke khandan ki rehnumai ki. Aap ki sakhawat zarb-ul-misal ban gayi: riwayaat batati hain ke aap ne ek se zyada martaba apna sara maal de diya aur deegar mauqon par use ghareebon ke saath barabar taqseem kiya. Kai riwayaat ke mutabiq aap ne kai martaba paidal Makkah ka Hajj kiya.
Shahadat aur tadfeen
50 Hijri mein aap ko zehar diya gaya. Bohat se Shia aur Sunni moarrikheen aap ki zauja Ja'da bint Ash'as ko zehar dene wali batate hain, jis ne riwayat ke mutabiq Muawiya ke ukasane par yeh kiya. Aap ne apne nana ke pehlu mein dafn hone ki khwahish ki thi; jab aap ka janaza Rasool-e-Akram ki qabr ke qareeb pohancha to use rok diya gaya, aur Imam Husain ne apne bhai ki is khwahish ka ehtiram karte hue ke koi khoon na bahe, aap ko Jannat-ul-Baqi mein apni dadi Fatima bint Asad ke pehlu mein dafn kiya.
Shia Isna Ashari aqeede aur Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein ahmiyat
Aap doosre Imam hain, jinhein aap ke walid ne namzad kiya. Aap ka muahida Shia fikr mein ek payedaar sabaq hai: sirf Imam hi faisla karta hai ke kab jang ki jaye aur kab sulh, aur ummat ki hifazat ke liye sabr ke saath zabt darkar ho sakta hai. Fiqh mein jang-bandi (sulh) ke jawaz ki behes mein is muahide ka hawala diya jata hai.
Aham tareekhein
- 15 Ramazan 3 Hijri (625 Eesvi)Madina mein zahoor
- 9 ya 10 HijriMubahila mein maujoodgi
- 36–37 HijriJamal aur Siffeen ki muhimmaat
- 21 Ramazan 40 Hijri (661 Eesvi)Aap ki Imamat ka aaghaz
- 41 Hijri (661 Eesvi)Muawiya se sulh ka muahida
- 28 Safar 50 Hijri (670 Eesvi)Zehar se shahadat; Jannat-ul-Baqi mein tadfeen
Riwayaat o nusoos
Rasool-e-Akram ne farmaya ke Hasan sayyid hain aur mumkin hai ke Allah un ke zariye Musalmanon ke do bare girohon mein sulh karwa de.
Hawala jaat: al-Jami‘ al-Sahih (Kitab al-Sulh)
Rasool-e-Akram ne farmaya ke Hasan aur Husain ahl-e-jannat ke jawanon ke sardar hain.
Hawala jaat: al-Jami‘ (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) (Abwab al-Manaqib, Hasan o Husain ke fazail); al-Musnad
Riwayaat ehtiyat se mafhoom ki soorat mein bayan ki gayi hain, lafzi tarjume ke taur par nahin. Dekhiye: Idarti Tareeqa-e-Kaar
Mukhtalif riwayaat
- Tareekh-e-shahadat: 28 Safar 50 Hijri sab se zyada manai jati hai; deegar riwayaat 7 Safar batati hain, aur baaz 49 Hijri.
- Muahide ki sahih sharait mukhtalif maakhaz mein mukhtalif hain.
- Yeh riwayaat ke Imam Hasan (A.S.) ne bohat badi tadaad mein nikah kiye, Madaini aur Ibn-e-Kalbi tak pohanchti hain; Wilferd Madelung aur Baqir Shareef Qarshi ne unhein na-qabil-e-aitbar qarar diya hai.
- Abu Bakr bin Hasan: Tabrisi unhein shuhada-e-Karbala mein shumar karte hain; Shaikh Mufeed un ka naam aulad ki fehrist mein nahi dete.
Hawala jaat
- Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Imam Hasan ka baab
- al-Kafi — al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 329 Hijri / 941 Esvi). Kitab al-Hujja, Bab Maulid al-Hasan ibn Ali
- Maqatil al-Talibiyyin — Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Ali ibn al-Husayn (mutawaffa 356 Hijri / 967 Esvi)
- Tarikh al-Ya‘qubi — al-Ya‘qubi, Ahmad ibn Abi Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 292 Hijri / 905 Esvi ke baad)
- al-Jami‘ al-Sahih — al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Isma‘il (mutawaffa 256 Hijri / 870 Esvi)
- The Origins and Early Development of Shi‘a Islam — Jafri, S. H. M.
- The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate — Madelung, Wilferd
- I‘lam al-Wara bi-A‘lam al-Huda — al-Tabrisi, al-Fadl ibn al-Hasan (mutawaffa 548 Hijri / 1153 Esvi)