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Taqweem-e-Jafariya Aaj ki duayen

08 / 14 · Chhatte Imam

Imam Jafar Sadiq (A.S.)

Sadiq-e-Aal-e-Muhammad

Umawi iqtidar ke zawal aur Abbasi daur ke aaghaz mein aap ne Madinah mein itne fuqaha aur raawiyon ki tarbiyat ki ke Shia fiqh aap hi ke naam se Fiqh-e-Jafariya kehlati hai.

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Imam Jafar Sadiq (A.S.) ne Madina mein us pur-ashob daur mein taleem di jab Umavi hukoomat se Abbasi hukoomat ki taraf muntaqili ho rahi thi, aur kuch arse ke liye khule aam ilmi kaam mumkin ho gaya tha. Aap se itne zyada fuqaha aur raawiyon ne ilm hasil kiya ke Shia Isna Ashari fiqh Aap hi ke naam se mansoob hai: al-Mazhab al-Jafari — Fiqh-e-Jafariya.

Nasab

Jafar bin Muhammad ka zahoor 83 Hijri mein Madina mein hua. Aap ke walid Imam Muhammad Baqir the; Aap ki walida Umm-e-Farwa, Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abi Bakr ki beti thin, jo Madina ke motabar fuqaha mein se the. Aap bachpan mein apne dada Imam Zain-ul-Abideen ke saath rahe aur 114 Hijri tak apne walid ke saath rahe.

Mauqe ki ek khirki

Aap ki Imamat (114–148 Hijri) ke daur mein Umavi hukoomat ka zawal aur 132 Hijri ka Abbasi inqilab waqe hua. Abbasiyon ne Rasool-e-Akram ke khandan ke naam par himayat jama ki thi; Aap ko qayadat ki peshkash ki gayi, lekin Aap ne is mein shamil hone se inkar kar diya — Masoodi riwayat karte hain ke Aap ne Abbasi dai Abu Salma ka ek khat jala diya. Is tabdeeli ne kuch arse ke liye pabandiyan dheeli kar dein aur Aap ko us pemane par taleem dene ka mauqa mila jis par Aap se pehle koi Imam taleem nahi de saka tha.

Fuqaha ke ustad

Shaikh Mufeed aalim Ibn Uqda ke hawale se bayan karte hain ke unhon ne taqreeban chaar hazaar aise afraad ki fehrist di jinhon ne Aap se riwayat ki. Aap ke ashab mein Zurara bin Ayan, Muhammad bin Muslim, Aban bin Taghlib, Hisham bin Hakam, Hisham bin Salim, Momin-e-Taq aur Mufazzal bin Umar shamil the. Riwayat hai ke do Sunni mazahib ke baani, Abu Hanifa aur Malik bin Anas, Aap ke halqa-e-dars mein shareek hue ya unhon ne Aap se riwayat ki.

Aap ki taleemat fiqh, tafseer-e-Quran, ilm-e-kalam, akhlaqiyat aur qudrati duniya tak phaili hui thin. Aap is baat par israr karte the ke Aap ki taleem zaati raaye nahi balki Rasool-e-Akram ka woh ilm hai jo Aimma ke zariye muntaqil hua. Aap ke shagirdon ne jo mawad likha us ka bara hissa “chaar sau usool” (al-usool al-arba‘umi’a) ki shakal mein jama hua, jin se baad mein Kutub-e-Arba (chaar kitabon) ne istifada kiya.

Mansoor ke daur mein

Doosre Abbasi khalifa Mansoor ne Aap ko ek khatra samajhna shuru kar diya. Aap ko kai martaba Iraq bulaya gaya aur nigrani mein rakha gaya. Aap ne 148 Hijri mein Madina mein wafat payi; Shia Isna Ashari maakhiz ke mutabiq Aap ko Mansoor ke hukm par zehr diya gaya. Aap ko Baqi mein dafn kiya gaya.

Riwayaat ke mutabiq, yeh jante hue ke khalifa Aap ke jansheen ko khatam karne ki koshish karega, Aap ne kai afraad ko apni wasiyat ka wasi muqarrar kiya, jin mein khud khalifa bhi shamil tha, taake apne bete Musa ki namzadgi unhein zahir na kar de. Aap ki wafat ke baad kuch pairokaron ne Aap ke bete Ismail (jo Aap se pehle wafat pa chuke the) ya Aap ke bete Abdullah ki taraf rujoo kiya, jis se Ismaili aur Fatahi shakhein wujood mein aayin; aksariyat ne Imam Musa Kazim ki pairvi ki.

Shia Isna Ashari aqeede aur Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein ahmiyat

Aap chhate Imam hain, aur Shia Isna Ashari ka fiqhi mazhab Aap hi ke naam par Jafari kehlata hai. Aap ke manhaj ne fiqh ki bunyaad Quran aur us Sunnat par rakhi jo Aimma ke zariye muntaqil hui, zaati raaye par mabni qiyas ko radd kiya, aur Allah ki shariat aur aqeede ko samajhne mein aql ko markazi maqam diya.

Aham tareekhein

  1. 17 Rabi-ul-Awwal 83 Hijri (702 Eesvi)Madina mein zahoor
  2. 114 Hijri (733 Eesvi)Imamat ka aaghaz
  3. 132 Hijri (750 Eesvi)Abbasi inqilab
  4. 136–158 HijriMansoor ki hukoomat
  5. 25 Shawwal 148 Hijri (765 Eesvi)Madina mein shahadat; Baqi mein tadfeen

Riwayaat o nusoos

Muntaqil shuda ilm ka silsila Ilmi nazar-e-saani ka muntazir

Aap ne taleem di ke Aap ki riwayat Aap ke walid ki riwayat hai, Aap ke walid ki riwayat Aap ke dada ki riwayat hai, aur isi tarah yeh silsila Imam Ali se hota hua Allah ke Rasool tak pohanchta hai — aur Rasool ki riwayat Allah ka qaul hai.

Hawala jaat: al-Kafi (Kitab Fazl al-Ilm, kutub aur hadees ki riwayat ka baab)

Mafhoom; kisi muayyan edition mein sahih baab aur number ki tasdeeq karein.

Riwayaat ehtiyat se mafhoom ki soorat mein bayan ki gayi hain, lafzi tarjume ke taur par nahin. Dekhiye: Idarti Tareeqa-e-Kaar

Mukhtalif riwayaat

  • Zahoor: 83 Hijri (Shaikh Mufeed) sab se aam hai; 80 Hijri ki riwayat bhi hai.
  • Tareekh-e-shahadat: aam taur par 25 Shawwal ki yaad manayi jati hai; 15 Rajab ki riwayat bhi hai.
  • Sunni maakhiz aam taur par Aap ki wafat ka zikr zehr diye jane ke baghair karte hain.

Hawala jaat

  1. Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Jafar ibn Muhammad ka baab
  2. al-Kafi — al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 329 Hijri / 941 Esvi)
  3. Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma‘adin al-Jawhar — al-Mas‘udi, Ali ibn al-Husayn (mutawaffa 345 Hijri / 956 Esvi)
  4. Tahdhib al-Ahkam — al-Tusi, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan (mutawaffa 460 Hijri / 1067 Esvi)
  5. Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi‘ite Islam — Modarressi, Hossein
  6. An Introduction to Shi‘i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi‘ism — Momen, Moojan
  7. The Origins and Early Development of Shi‘a Islam — Jafri, S. H. M.
  8. Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk — al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (mutawaffa 310 Hijri / 923 Esvi). saal 200 Hijri