Idarti haisiyat: mustanad ulama ki nazar-e-saani ka muntazir masauda. Tasheeh ke liye rabta safha istemal karein.
Imam Ali bin Husain (A.S.) Karbala mein zinda bach gaye, jahan beemari ne aap ko jang se roke rakha, aur Kufa aur Damishq mein qaidi ki haisiyat se is ke gawah bane. Baad ki dahaiyon mein aap ne ibadat, taleem aur ghareebon ki khamosh dekh bhaal ke zariye jamaat ko dobara tameer kiya; aap ki duaen, jo Sahifa-e-Sajjadia mein jama hain, Islami roohaniyat ke khazanon mein se hain.
Ibtidai zindagi
Ali bin Husain ka zahoor 38 Hijri mein Madina mein hua. Ek kasrat se naql ki jane wali riwayat mein aap ki walida ka naam Shehr Bano bataya gaya hai, jinhein aakhri Sasani badshah ki beti kaha jata hai; dusri riwayaat mukhtalif naam aur nasab batati hain. Aap ne apne dada Imam Ali, apne taya Imam Hasan aur apne walid Imam Husain ke gharon mein parwarish payi.
Karbala aur aseeri
Aap 61 Hijri mein Karbala mein maujood the lekin itne beemar the ke jang na kar sake, aur yun qatl-e-aam se bach gaye. Imam Husain ke sab se bade zinda bach jane wale farzand ki haisiyat se aap ko apni phuphi Syeda Zainab aur khawateen o bachchon ke saath qaidi bana kar pehle Kufa mein Ibn-e-Ziyad ke paas aur phir Damishq mein Yazid ke paas le jaya gaya. Baad ke maakhaz mein aap ka ek khutba darj hai jo aap ne Damishq mein diya, jis mein aap ne Rasool-e-Akram ke ahl-e-bait ki pehchan aur martaba bayan kiya. Rihai ke baad bach jane wale Madina laut aaye.
Jamaat ki az-sar-e-nau tameer
Madina mein aap khauf ki fiza mein rahe: 63 Hijri mein Jang-e-Harra ke baad Bani Umayya ki ek fauj ne shehar ko loot liya. Aap ne khud ko ibadat aur taleem ke liye waqf kar diya; ghulamon ko khareedte, unhein taleem dete aur aazad kar dete, aur khamoshi se ghareeb gharanon ki madad karte. Kai maakhaz bayan karte hain ke aap raat ko khane ki boriyan utha kar aise gharanon tak le jate the jinhein aap ki wafat tak maloom na tha ke un ka mohsin kaun hai.
Ek mashhoor waqia bayan karta hai ke Umawi shehzada Hisham bin Abdul Malik Hajj ke dauran hujoom mein Hajr-e-Aswad tak na pohanch saka, jabke log Ali bin Husain ke liye raasta chhod dete the. Jab Hisham ne aap ko na pehchanne ka dikhawa kiya, to shair Farazdaq ne aap ki madah mein ek mashhoor qaseeda keh kar jawab diya.
Sahifa-e-Sajjadia aur Risala-e-Huqooq
Aap ki duaen, jo Sahifa-e-Sajjadia ke naam se jama ki gayi hain, dua ki zuban mein aqaid, akhlaq aur bandagi sikhati hain: Allah ki hamd par, taubah par, walidain aur aulad par, padosiyon aur doston par, sarhad ke muhafizon par, aur aala akhlaq par. Risala-e-Huqooq (Risalat-ul-Huqooq) tarteeb ke saath woh huqooq bayan karta hai jo Allah ke, apne nafs aur apne aaza o quwa ke, aur har us shakhs ke hain jis se insaan ka waasta parta hai — hukmaran, asatiza, walidain, shareek-e-hayat, padosi aur deegar.
Shahadat
Aap ne 95 Hijri mein Madina mein wafat payi. Shia Isna Ashari maakhaz bayan karte hain ke Umawi hukmaran Walid bin Abdul Malik ke ishare par aap ko zehar diya gaya. Aap ko Jannat-ul-Baqi mein apne taya Imam Hasan ke pehlu mein dafn kiya gaya.
Shia Isna Ashari aqeede aur Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein ahmiyat
Aap chauthe Imam hain. Aap ke zariye Karbala ke baad Imamat ka silsila jaari raha, aur aap ki duaon aur huqooq par aap ke risale ke zariye jamaat ko bandagi aur samaji zimmedari ka ek mukammal akhlaqi nizam mila. Aap ke farzand Imam Muhammad Baqir aur pote Imam Jafar Sadiq ki bohat si fiqhi aur akhlaqi talimaat un buniyadon par qaim hain jo aap ne rakhi theen.
Aham tareekhein
- 5 Shaban 38 Hijri (659 Eesvi)Madina mein zahoor
- 10 Muharram 61 Hijri (680 Eesvi)Karbala; Imamat ka aaghaz
- 61 HijriKufa aur Damishq mein aseeri
- 63 Hijri (683 Eesvi)Jang-e-Harra aur Madina ki loot maar
- 25 Muharram 95 Hijri (713 Eesvi)Madina mein shahadat; Jannat-ul-Baqi mein tadfeen
Riwayaat o nusoos
Is majmue mein aala akhlaqi sifaat (Makarim-ul-Akhlaq) par, taubah par, walidain ke liye, aulad ke liye aur sarhadon ka difa karne walon ke liye duaen shamil hain.
Hawala jaat: al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya (54 duaon wala mayari nuskha); The Psalms of Islam: al-Sahifat al-Kamilat al-Sajjadiyya
Sab se bada haq tum par Allah ka haq hai; phir tumhare apne nafs aur us ke aaza o quwa ke huqooq — zuban, samaat, basarat, haath, paon; phir ibadaat ke huqooq, sahib-e-iqtidar logon ke, un ke jo tumhari sarparasti mein hain, khandan ke aur tamam logon ke huqooq.
Hawala jaat: Tuhaf al-‘Uqul ‘an Al al-Rasul; al-Khisal; Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
Dhanche ka khulasa; mukhtalif nuskhon mein bayan kiye gaye huqooq ki tadaad mukhtalif hai.
Riwayaat ehtiyat se mafhoom ki soorat mein bayan ki gayi hain, lafzi tarjume ke taur par nahin. Dekhiye: Idarti Tareeqa-e-Kaar
Mukhtalif riwayaat
- Aap ki walida ka naam aur nasab mukhtalif tareeqon se bayan hua hai.
- Zahoor: 38 Hijri (Shaikh Mufeed) sab se aam hai; 36 ya 37 Hijri aur Jamadi-ul-Awwal ka mahina bhi riwayat hua hai.
- Tareekh-e-shahadat: 25 Muharram 95 Hijri sab se zyada manayi jati hai; 12 ya 18 Muharram aur 94 Hijri bhi riwayat hue hain.
- Mahireen-e-nasab aap ki baaz aulad ki maaon ke baare mein ikhtilaf rakhte hain.
Hawala jaat
- Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Ali ibn al-Husain ka baab
- al-Kafi — al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 329 Hijri / 941 Esvi). Kitab al-Hujja
- al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya — Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
- Tuhaf al-‘Uqul ‘an Al al-Rasul — Ibn Shu‘ba al-Harrani, al-Hasan ibn Ali (chauthi sadi Hijri / daswein sadi Esvi)
- Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk — al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (mutawaffa 310 Hijri / 923 Esvi). saal 61 se 63 Hijri
- The Psalms of Islam: al-Sahifat al-Kamilat al-Sajjadiyya — Imam Zayn al-Abidin
- The Origins and Early Development of Shi‘a Islam — Jafri, S. H. M.