10 Muharram 61 Hijri (680 Esvi) ko Furat ke kinare Karbala ke maidan mein Rasool-e-Akram (S.A.W.W.) ke nawase Imam Husain (A.S.) apne khandan ke afraad aur ashaab ke saath shaheed kar diye gaye. Shia Musalmanon ke liye, aur bohat se doosron ke liye bhi, Karbala zulm ke muqable mein haq par dat jane ki sab se numayan alamat ban gayi hai.
Husain ne inkaar kyun kiya
Muawiya ka apne bete Yazeed ko janasheen naamzad karna Imam Hasan ke saath sulh ki sharait ki khilaf-warzi thi. Jab Rajab 60 Hijri mein Muawiya ka inteqal hua to Yazeed ne Madinah ke governor ko hukm diya ke Husain se bai‘at le. Husain ne inkaar kiya — aik mashhoor riwayat ke mutabiq yeh farmate huay ke mujh jaisa Yazeed jaise ki bai‘at nahi karta — aur Makkah rawana ho gaye.
Waqiaat ki tarteeb
- 15 Rajab 60 Hijri
- Muawiya ki maut; Yazeed bai‘at ka mutalba karta hai.
- 28 Rajab 60 Hijri
- Husain apne ahl-e-khana ke saath Madinah se rawana hote hain.
- 3 Shaban 60 Hijri
- Makkah aamad. Kufa se khutoot aate hain jin mein aap ko qiyadat ki dawat di gayi hai.
- Ramazan 60 Hijri
- Himayat ka andaza lagane ke liye Muslim ibn Aqeel ko Kufa bheja jata hai.
- 8 Zil-Hajj 60 Hijri
- Haram mein khoon-rezi se bachne ke liye Husain Makkah se Iraq ki taraf rawana hote hain.
- 9 Zil-Hajj 60 Hijri
- Ubaidullah ibn Ziyad ke hukm se Kufa mein Muslim ibn Aqeel ko shaheed kar diya jata hai.
- Raaste mein
- Muslim ki shahadat ki khabar qafile tak pahunchti hai. Hurr ibn Yazeed Riyahi ki qiyadat mein aik ghud-sawar dasta qafile ko rokta hai aur use Kufa se door le jata hai.
- 2 Muharram 61 Hijri
- Karbala aamad.
- 3 Muharram 61 Hijri
- Umar ibn Saad Kufa se aik lashkar le kar aata hai; mazeed daste peeche aate hain.
- 7 Muharram 61 Hijri
- Furat tak rasai band kar di jati hai.
- 9 Muharram 61 Hijri (Tasua)
- Lashkar aage badhta hai; Husain namaz aur tilawat-e-Quran ke liye aik raat ki mohlat maangte hain.
- 10 Muharram 61 Hijri (Ashura)
- Hurr Husain se aa milte hain. Aap ke ashaab aur ahl-e-khandan aik aik kar ke shaheed hote hain. Seh-pehar ko Husain shaheed kar diye jaate hain. Khaime loot liye jaate hain aur jala diye jaate hain.
- 11 Muharram aur us ke baad
- Khawateen aur bachon ko, Ali ibn al-Husain ke saath, aseer bana kar Kufa aur phir Damishq le jaya jata hai.
- 20 Safar 61 Hijri (Arbaeen)
- Chaaleeswan din. Sahabi-e-Rasool Jabir ibn Abdullah Ansari qabr ki ziyarat karte hain.
Jo un ke saath date rahe
Shuhada mein un ke paidri bhai aur alamdar Abbas ibn Ali the, jo darya se paani laane ki koshish mein shaheed huay; un ke bete Ali Akbar; un ke sheer-khwar bete Abdullah, jo Ali Asghar ke naam se maroof hain; un ke bhateeje Qasim ibn al-Hasan; aur umar-raseeda Habib ibn Mazahir aur Muslim ibn Ausaja jaise ashaab. Shuhada ki tadaad umooman behattar (72) bayan ki jati hai.
Un ki behen Syeda Zainab bint-e-Ali ne aseeri ke dauran bach jane walon ki qiyadat ki. Kufa mein aur Damishq mein Yazeed ke saamne un ke khutbaat, jo tareekhi maakhaz mein mehfooz hain, is baat ke zaamin bane ke Karbala ki haqeeqat dafan na ki ja sake.
Baad ke asraat
Karbala ne Umawi hukoomat ki saakh ko hila kar rakh diya. Tawwabeen ne 65 Hijri mein qiyam kiya, aur Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubaid ne 66 Hijri mein Kufa par qabza kar ke qatl ke zimmedaron ka taaqub kiya.
Yaad-e-Husain
Aimma ke zamane hi se Imam Husain ki yaad ko ibadat ke taur par sikhaya gaya hai. Majalis-e-aza waqiaat aur un ke mafhoom ko bayan karti hain; marasi, shayari aur juloos unhein awam ke hafize mein zinda rakhte hain; aur aap ke rauze ki ziyarat Shia amal mein sab se zyada takeed kiye gaye mustahab aamaal mein se hai. Imam Baqir se manqool Ziyarat-e-Ashura bade paimane par parhi jati hai.
Arbaeen ke din, yaani Ashura ke chaaleeswein din, zaaireen ki bohat badi tadaad paidal Karbala jati hai — yeh duniya bhar mein logon ke sab se bade baqaida ijtimaat mein se aik hai.
Maakhaz ke baare mein aik wazahat
Sab se pehla mufassal bayan Abu Mikhnaf (mutawaffa 157 Hijri) ne aini shahideen aur un ki aulad se jama kiya; yeh zyada tar Tareekh-e-Tabari ke zariye mehfooz hai. Shaikh Mufeed ki al-Irshad aur Syed Ibn Taoos ki al-Luhoof classici Shia bayanaat hain. Baad ka maqtal literature baaz auqaat aisi tafseelaat ka izafa karta hai jo ibtidai maakhaz mein nahi miltin; yeh site ibtidai riwayaat par aitmaad karti hai aur mutanaza tafseelaat ki nishandahi karti hai.
Hawala jaat
- Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk — al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (mutawaffa 310 Hijri / 923 Esvi). saal 61 Hijri
- Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Imam Husain ka baab
- al-Luhuf ‘ala Qatla al-Tufuf — Ibn Tawus (mutawaffa 664 Hijri / 1266 Esvi)
- Kamil al-Ziyarat — Ibn Qulawayh, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (mutawaffa 368 Hijri / 978–9 Esvi)
- Maqatil al-Talibiyyin — Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Ali ibn al-Husayn (mutawaffa 356 Hijri / 967 Esvi)
- Redemptive Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of ‘Ashura’ in Twelver Shi‘ism — Ayoub, Mahmoud
- The Origins and Early Development of Shi‘a Islam — Jafri, S. H. M.