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07 / 14 · Panchwein Imam

Imam Muhammad Baqir (A.S.)

Baqir-ul-Uloom

Aap Imam Husain (A.S.) ke potay aur Imam Hasan (A.S.) ke nawase hain. Bachpan mein Karbala ke shahid rahe aur Madinah mein ilm ki azeem tehreek ki qiyadat ki; aap ke shagirdon ne fiqh o hadith ki buniyadein rakhin.

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Imam Husain ke pote aur Imam Hasan ke nawase Imam Muhammad Baqir (A.S.) ne bachpan mein Karbala ka waqia dekha aur aage chal kar Madina mein ilm ke ek azeem farogh ki qayadat ki. Aap ka laqab Baqir-ul-Ilm us shakhs ko bayan karta hai jo ilm ko cheer kar khol de, aur aap ke shagirdon ne Shia fiqh aur hadees ki buniyad ka bada hissa rakha.

Nasab aur bachpan

Muhammad bin Ali ka zahoor 57 Hijri mein Madina mein hua. Aap ke walid Imam Zain-ul-Abideen the aur walida Fatima bint-e-Hasan, Imam Hasan ki beti — is tarah aap Rasool-e-Akram ke dono nawason ki nasl se hain. Karbala ke waqt aap ki umar taqreeban chaar saal thi aur baad ki aseeri mein aap bhi shareek the.

Shaikh Mufeed riwayat karte hain ke boorhe Sahabi Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari ne aap ko talash kiya taake Rasool-e-Akram ka salam pohanchayen, jinhon ne pesh-goi ki thi ke Jabir itni umar payenge ke un ki aulad mein se Muhammad naam ke ek fard se milenge jo “ilm ko cheer kar khol dega”.

Tareekhi pas-e-manzar

Aap ki Imamat (95–114 Hijri) Bani Umayya ke aakhri daur mein thi. Umar bin Abdul Aziz ki mukhtasar hukoomat (99–101 Hijri) ne kuch rahat di: riwayaat ke mutabiq us ne mimbaron se Imam Ali par sar-e-aam laanat ka silsila khatam kiya aur Fadak Fatima ki aulad ko lauta diya. Hisham bin Abdul Malik ke daur mein dabao phir laut aaya; Shia riwayaat bayan karti hain ke Imam ko Damishq talab kiya gaya.

Ilmi khidmaat

Nisbatan sukoon ki wajah se aap Masjid-e-Nabawi mein khule aam dars de sake. Aap ke halqa-e-dars ne us daur ke saf-e-awwal ke Shia raawiyon aur fuqaha ki tarbiyat ki — jin mein Zurara bin Aayan, Muhammad bin Muslim, Buraid bin Muawiya Ijli, Abu Baseer aur Jabir bin Yazid Jofi shamil hain — aur bohat se Sunni ulama ne bhi aap se riwayat ki, aur aap bade Sunni hadees majmuon mein raawi ke taur par aate hain.

Aap ne Quran ki tafseer, fiqh, ilm-e-kalam aur akhlaq ki taleem di, aur Imamat ke usool wazeh kiye: pichhle Imam ki taraf se nass (naamzadgi) aur Rasool-e-Akram se wirse mein mila hua ilm.

Shahadat

Aap ne 114 Hijri mein Madina mein wafat payi. Shia Isna Ashari maakhaz bayan karte hain ke Hisham ke daur-e-hukoomat mein aap ko zehar diya gaya. Aap ko Jannat-ul-Baqi mein apne walid aur apne dada ke bhai Imam Hasan ke pehlu mein dafn kiya gaya.

Shia Isna Ashari aqeede aur Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein ahmiyat

Aap paanchwen Imam hain. Kutub-e-Arba (chaar kitabon) ki fiqhi riwayaat ka ek bohat bada hissa aap aur aap ke farzand Imam Jafar Sadiq tak pohanchta hai, isi liye Fiqh-e-Jafariya un ke daur ko apni buniyad samajhti hai. Aap ke shagirdon ne bohat se ibtidai majmue (usool) murattab kiye jin se baad mein Kulaini, Shaikh Saduq aur Shaikh Toosi ne istifada kiya.

Aham tareekhein

  1. 1 Rajab 57 Hijri (677 Eesvi)Madina mein zahoor
  2. 61 Hijri (680 Eesvi)Bachpan mein Karbala mein maujoodgi
  3. 95 Hijri (713 Eesvi)Imamat ka aaghaz
  4. 99–101 HijriUmar bin Abdul Aziz ki hukoomat
  5. 7 Zil-Hajj 114 Hijri (733 Eesvi)Madina mein shahadat; Jannat-ul-Baqi mein tadfeen

Riwayaat o nusoos

Jabir ka pohanchaya hua salam Ilmi nazar-e-saani ka muntazir

Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari ne aap tak Rasool-e-Akram ka salam pohanchaya, jaisa ke Rasool-e-Akram ne unhein hidayat ki thi ke agar woh aap se milne tak zinda rahen to aisa karen.

Hawala jaat: Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad (Imam Baqir ka baab); al-Kafi (Kitab al-Hujja)

Riwayaat ehtiyat se mafhoom ki soorat mein bayan ki gayi hain, lafzi tarjume ke taur par nahin. Dekhiye: Idarti Tareeqa-e-Kaar

Mukhtalif riwayaat

  • Zahoor: 1 Rajab 57 Hijri aam taur par manayi jati hai; 3 Safar 57 Hijri bhi riwayat hui hai.
  • Saal-e-shahadat: 114 Hijri (Shaikh Mufeed) sab se aam hai; 116 ya 117 Hijri bhi riwayat hue hain.

Hawala jaat

  1. Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir ka baab
  2. al-Kafi — al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 329 Hijri / 941 Esvi)
  3. Early Shi‘i Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir — Lalani, Arzina R.
  4. Crisis and Consolidation in the Formative Period of Shi‘ite Islam — Modarressi, Hossein
  5. An Introduction to Shi‘i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi‘ism — Momen, Moojan
  6. Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Imam Baqir ka baab