Imam Husain ibn Ali (A.S.)

Ibtidai zindagi

Husain ka zahoor Shaban 4 Hijri mein Madina mein Ali aur Fatima ke ghar hua. Rasool-e-Akram ki aap se mohabbat bohat si riwayaat mein darj hai, jin mein yeh qaul bhi shamil hai ke Husain un se hain aur woh Husain se hain. Aap Mubahila mein maujood the, aur Ayat-e-Tatheer ke nuzool ke waqt chadar ke neeche the.

Apne walid aur bhai ke saath

Aap ne Jang-e-Jamal aur Siffeen mein apne walid ke shana ba shana jang ki. Apne bhai ke Muawiya ke saath muahide ke baad aap ne Muawiya ki poori zindagi us muahide ki sharait ki paasdari ki, aur saath hi Bani Umayya ki hukoomat ki naainsafiyon par ehtijaj bhi karte rahe.

Bai'at se inkar

Jab Rajab 60 Hijri mein Muawiya ki maut hui aur Yazid ne bai'at ka mutalaba kiya, to Husain ne inkar kar diya aur Madina chhod kar Makkah chale gaye. Kufa se khutoot aaye jin mein aap ko un ki qayadat ki dawat di gayi thi; aap ne apne chachazad bhai Muslim bin Aqeel ko aage bheja. Muslim ke saath Kufa mein ghaddari hui aur shehar ke naye governor Ubaidullah bin Ziyad ne unhein shaheed kar diya.

Husain 8 Zil-Hajj 60 Hijri ko Makkah se Iraq ke liye rawana hue. Raste mein Hur bin Yazid Riyahi ki qayadat mein ek ghur-sawar daste ne aap ke qafile ko rok liya aur Karbala ke maidan ki taraf mod diya, jahan yeh qafila 2 Muharram 61 Hijri ko pohancha. Mukammal waqiat Karbala aur Ashura ke safhe par bayan kiye gaye hain.

Ashura

10 Muharram 61 Hijri ko, teen din tak Furat tak rasai se mehroom rehne ke baad, Husain aur aap ki chhoti si jamaat — ahl-e-khana aur asaab, jin ki tadaad aam taur par bahattar batai jati hai — Umar bin Saad ki fauj ke muqable mein aayi. Woh ek ek kar ke shaheed hue; Hur usi subah Husain ki taraf aa gaye aur shuhada mein shamil the. Husain sehpehar ko shaheed kiye gaye. Khawateen aur bachchon ko, aap ke beemar farzand Ali bin Husain ke saath, qaidi bana kar Kufa aur Damishq le jaya gaya.

Virsa

Karbala ne Muslim ummat ke zameer ko badal kar rakh diya. Chand hi saalon mein Tawwabeen (taubah karne walon) ki tehreek aur Mukhtar ka qiyam saamne aaya. Azadari ki majalis, marsiyon, juloosoon aur aap ke roze ki ziyaraton ne chaudah sadiyon se yeh yaad zinda rakhi hai, aur Karbala ki taraf Arbaeen ka salana paidal safar duniya mein logon ke sab se bade baqaida ijtimaat mein se ek hai.

Shia Isna Ashari aqeede aur Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein ahmiyat

Aap teesre Imam hain. Aap ke qiyam ko neki ka hukm dene aur burai se rokne (amr bil-maroof wa nahi anil-munkar) ke farz ki adaigi samjha jata hai, jab khud deen khatre mein tha. Fiqh-e-Jafariya ke mutabiq sajda zameen par ya us cheez par karna zaroori hai jo zameen se ugti ho aur khayi ya pehni na jati ho; Karbala ki mitti ki tikya (turbat) ka istemal mustahab hai, aur aap ke roze ki ziyarat sab se zyada takeed wale mustahab aamaal mein se hai.

Aham tareekhein

1. 3 Shaban 4 Hijri (626 Eesvi)Madina mein zahoor
2. 50 Hijri (670 Eesvi)Imamat ka aaghaz
3. 15 Rajab 60 HijriMuawiya ki maut; Yazid ka bai'at ka mutalaba
4. 28 Rajab 60 HijriMadina se rawangi
5. 3 Shaban 60 HijriMakkah aamad
6. 8 Zil-Hajj 60 HijriMakkah se Iraq ki taraf rawangi
7. 9 Zil-Hajj 60 HijriKufa mein Muslim bin Aqeel ki shahadat
8. 2 Muharram 61 HijriKarbala aamad
9. 10 Muharram 61 Hijri (680 Eesvi)Karbala mein shahadat (Ashura)
10. 20 Safar 61 HijriArbaeen, chaleeswan din

Riwayaat o nusoos

Riwayaat ehtiyat se mafhoom ki soorat mein bayan ki gayi hain, lafzi tarjume ke taur par nahin. Dekhiye: Idarti Tareeqa-e-Kaar

Mukhtalif riwayaat

• Tareekh-e-zahoor: 3 Shaban sab se zyada manayi jati hai (Shaikh Toosi ki darj kardah ek dua ki buniyad par); Shaikh Mufeed 5 Shaban batate hain.
• Aap ke saath shaheed hone walon ki tadaad aam taur par bahattar batai jati hai; dusre ibtidai andaze mukhtalif hain.
• Ashura ki tafseeli riwayaat maqtal ki kitabon mein mukhtalif hain; yeh website buniyadi taur par Abu Mikhnaf ki un ibtidai riwayaat par, jo Tabari ne mehfooz ki hain, aur Shaikh Mufeed par inhisar karti hai.
• Naamon ka farq: Shaikh Mufeed Imam Zain-ul-Abideen (A.S.) ko Ali Akbar aur shaheed farzand ko Ali Asghar kehte hain; aksar mahireen-e-nasab aur aam istemal mein shaheed farzand Ali Akbar hain. Sheer-khwar farzand ka naam qadeem maakhaz mein Abdullah aur baad ke maakhaz mein Ali Asghar hai.
• Baad ki kutub mazeed aulad ka zikr karti hain, jin mein Muhammad, Zainab aur Ruqayya shamil hain; Ruqayya ka waqia — ek kam-sin beti jo Dimashq mein aseeri ke dauran wafat pa gayin aur jin ke naam se wahan rauza hai — pehli baar satwein sadi Hijri ki kutub mein milta hai.

Hawala jaat

1. Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Imam Husain ka baab
2. Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk — al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (mutawaffa 310 Hijri / 923 Esvi). saal 61 Hijri
3. al-Kafi — al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 329 Hijri / 941 Esvi). Kitab al-Hujja, Bab Maulid al-Husain ibn Ali
4. al-Luhuf ‘ala Qatla al-Tufuf — Ibn Tawus (mutawaffa 664 Hijri / 1266 Esvi)
5. Kamil al-Ziyarat — Ibn Qulawayh, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad (mutawaffa 368 Hijri / 978–9 Esvi)
6. al-Jami‘ (Sunan al-Tirmidhi) — al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad ibn ‘Isa (mutawaffa 279 Hijri / 892 Esvi)
7. Redemptive Suffering in Islam: A Study of the Devotional Aspects of ‘Ashura’ in Twelver Shi‘ism — Ayoub, Mahmoud
8. The Origins and Early Development of Shi‘a Islam — Jafri, S. H. M.
9. Maqatil al-Talibiyyin — Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Ali ibn al-Husayn (mutawaffa 356 Hijri / 967 Esvi)