Idarti haisiyat: mustanad ulama ki nazar-e-saani ka muntazir masauda. Tasheeh ke liye rabta safha istemal karein.
Syeda Fatima Zahra (S.A.), Rasool-e-Akram (S.A.W.W.) aur Khadija ki beti, Imam Ali (A.S.) ki zauja aur Imam Hasan aur Imam Husain (A.S.) ki walida, Musalmanon ke nazdeek har daur ki afzal-tareen khawateen mein se ek ke taur par mohtaram hain. Shia Isna Ashari aqeede mein aap Masoomeen mein se aur Ahl-e-Kisa ki ek fard hain, aur Rasool-e-Akram ki rehlat ke baad aap ka apne huqooq ka difa ibtidai Islami tareekh ka ek faisla-kun mor hai.
Zahoor aur ibtidai zindagi
Syeda Fatima ka zahoor Makkah mein Rasool-e-Akram (S.A.W.W.) aur Khadija bint Khuwailid ke ghar hua. Shia Isna Ashari riwayat mein sab se zyada ikhtiyar ki gayi riwayat ke mutabiq aap ka zahoor Besat ke aaghaz ke paanchwein saal 20 Jamadi-us-Sani ko hua. Aap ne ibtidai Musalmanon par hone wale zulm-o-sitam ke mahaul mein parwarish payi: aap ne Shib-e-Abi Talib mein boycott ke saal bhi guzare aur bachpan hi mein apni walida se mehroom ho gayin.
Riwayaat batati hain ke jab aap ke walid Quraish ki dushmani jhel kar lautte to aap un ki dekh-bhaal karti theen, isi liye aap ko Umm-e-Abiha ki kunniyat di gayi — “apne baap ki maan”.
Nikah aur gharana
Madina ki taraf hijrat ke baad 2 Hijri mein aap ka nikah Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib se hua. Un ka ghar apni saadgi ke liye mashhoor tha. Un ki aulad Imam Hasan, Imam Husain, Zainab aur Umm-e-Kulsoom the; Shia Isna Ashari maakhaz ek bete Mohsin ka naam bhi lete hain jo zinda na rahe.
Bohat se Shia aur Sunni mufassireen naql karte hain ke Surah Insan (Quran 76:5–22) us waqt nazil hui jab is gharane ne roze ki halat mein teen din tak apna khana — ek miskeen, ek yateem aur ek qaidi ko — de diya. Aap un logon mein shamil theen jinhein Rasool-e-Akram ne apni chadar ke neeche jama kiya jab Quran 33:33, yaani Ayat-e-Tatheer, tilawat hui (waqia-e-Kisa, jo Sahih Muslim mein darj hai), aur Mubahila (Quran 3:61) mein Rasool-e-Akram ke saath jane wali wahid khatoon aap hi theen.
Rasool-e-Akram ke baad
11 Hijri mein Rasool-e-Akram ki rehlat ke baad jaanasheeni par, Fadak par — ek jaidad jo Shia ke mutabiq Rasool-e-Akram ne apni zindagi hi mein aap ko ata kar di thi — aur aap ki wirasat par tanaza khara hua. Aap ne Madina ki masjid mein ek mashhoor khutba diya jis mein apne huqooq ka difa kiya aur Islami shariat ke maqasid bayan kiye; is ke ibtidai matn Ibn Abi Tahir Taifoor (wafat 280 Hijri) ke haan aur Tabarsi ki al-Ehtijaj mein mehfooz hain. Sahih Bukhari mein bhi darj hai ke aap wirasat ke maamle par apni wafat tak naraz raheen.
Shia Isna Ashari maakhaz naql karte hain ke Rasool-e-Akram ki rehlat ke baad ke dinon mein aap ke ghar par pesh aane wale waqiaat mein aap zakhmi hueen; yahi salana Ayyam-e-Fatimiya ki yaadgari aur aap ki wafat ko shahadat samajhne ke Shia Isna Ashari nazariye ki bunyad hai. Sunni tareekh-nigari aam taur par in riwayaat ko qabool nahin karti.
Wafat aur tadfeen
Aap ne 11 Hijri mein Madina mein, apne walid ke sirf chand hafton ya mahinon baad, wafat payi. Aap ki khwahish ke mutabiq Imam Ali ne aap ko raat ke waqt chand logon ki maujoodgi mein dafn kiya, aur qabr ki jagah ko poshida rakha gaya. Woh aaj tak namaloom hai: aap ka ghar, Rasool-e-Akram ki qabr aur mimbar ke darmiyan ka hissa, aur Jannat-ul-Baqi — sab ke baare mein khayal zahir kiya jata hai. Shia Isna Ashari ke liye yeh poshida qabr bazaat-e-khud ek daaimi gawahi hai.
Taleemaat aur virsa
Aap ka khutba ibadaat aur ahkam ki hikmat bayan karta hai — imaan ko shirk se pakeezgi, namaz ko takabbur ka ilaaj, zakat ko pakeezgi aur barhotri, aur adl ko dilon ki hum-aahangi qarar deta hai. Woh tasbeeh jo aap ko aap ke walid ne sikhai — 34 martaba Allahu Akbar, 33 martaba Alhamdulillah aur 33 martaba SubhanAllah — Shia har wajib namaz ke baad parhte hain.
al-Kafi ki riwayaat ek “Mushaf-e-Fatima” ka zikr karti hain, jo ilm ki ek kitab hai jo aap ko imla karwai gayi aur Aimma ne mehfooz rakhi; yahi riwayaat wazeh taur par kehti hain ke is mein Quran ka koi hissa nahin.
Shia Isna Ashari aqeede aur Fiqh-e-Jafariya mein ahmiyat
Syeda Fatima Nabuwwat aur Imamat ke darmiyan kari hain: Imam Ali ke baad har Imam aap ki nasl se hai. Shia Isna Ashari ilm-e-kalam aap ko Masoomeen mein shumar karta hai; aap ke aqwal aur kirdar ko Rasool-e-Akram aur Aimma ke aqwal-o-kirdar ke saath ek mustanad maakhaz mana jata hai. Aap auraton aur mardon dono ke liye imaan, ilm, ibadat aur jurrat ka aala-tareen namoona hain.
Aham tareekhein
- 20 Jamadi-us-Sani, Besat ka 5wan saal (taqreeban 615 Eesvi)Makkah mein zahoor (mashhoor Shia Isna Ashari riwayat)
- taqreeban 617–619 EesviShib-e-Abi Talib mein Banu Hashim ka boycott
- taqreeban 619 EesviAap ki walida Khadija ki wafat
- 2 Hijri (624 Eesvi)Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib se nikah
- 15 Ramazan 3 HijriImam Hasan ka zahoor
- 4 HijriImam Husain ka zahoor
- 9 ya 10 HijriMubahila
- 11 HijriRasool-e-Akram ki rehlat; Madina ki masjid mein khutba
- 3 Jamadi-us-Sani 11 Hijri (632 Eesvi)Madina mein shahadat, sab se zyada ikhtiyar ki gayi Shia Isna Ashari riwayat ke mutabiq
Riwayaat o nusoos
Rasool-e-Akram ne farmaya ke Fatima un ka tukra hain, aur jo Fatima ko naraz kare woh unhein naraz karta hai.
Hawala jaat: al-Jami‘ al-Sahih (Kitab Fazail Ashab al-Nabi, Fatima ke fazail ka baab); al-Sahih (Kitab Fazail al-Sahaba)
Apni aakhri beemari ke dauran Rasool-e-Akram ne raazdari se aap ko bataya ke aap jannat ki auraton ki sardar hongi (ek aur riwayat ke alfaz mein, momin auraton ki).
Hawala jaat: al-Jami‘ al-Sahih (Kitab al-Manaqib, alamaat-e-nabuwwat; Kitab al-Istizan); al-Sahih (Kitab Fazail al-Sahaba)
Jab aap ne ghar ke kaam-kaaj mein madad maangi to Rasool-e-Akram ne aap ko aur Imam Ali ko 34 martaba Allahu Akbar, 33 martaba Alhamdulillah aur 33 martaba SubhanAllah kehna sikhaya, aur farmaya ke yeh un ke liye ek khadim se behtar hai.
Hawala jaat: al-Jami‘ al-Sahih (Kitab al-Daawat (sone se pehle ka zikr)); al-Sahih (Kitab al-Zikr wal-Dua); al-Kafi (Tasbeeh-e-Fatima ki fazeelat ke baare mein)
Sunni riwayaat mein is ka parhna sone se pehle bataya gaya hai; Shia amal mein ise har namaz ke baad bhi parha jata hai.
Ek taveel khutba jis mein apne huqooq ka difa aur Islam ke ahkam ke maqasid ki wazahat ki gayi hai.
Hawala jaat: Balaghat al-Nisa’; al-Ihtijaj ‘ala Ahl al-Lijaj
Mukammal matn kisi tanqeedi jaiza shuda edition se liya jana chahiye.
Riwayaat ehtiyat se mafhoom ki soorat mein bayan ki gayi hain, lafzi tarjume ke taur par nahin. Dekhiye: Idarti Tareeqa-e-Kaar
Mukhtalif riwayaat
- Saal-e-zahoor: mashhoor Shia Isna Ashari riwayat ise Besat ke aaghaz ke 5wein saal mein rakhti hai; deegar riwayaat aur aksar Sunni moarrikheen ise Besat se taqreeban paanch saal pehle rakhte hain — jis se nikah aur wafat ke waqt aap ki umr kaafi zyada banti hai.
- Tareekh-e-wafat: 3 Jamadi-us-Sani (Rasool-e-Akram ke taqreeban 95 din baad) sab se zyada manai jati hai; ek aur Shia riwayat 13 ya 14 Jamadi-ul-Awwal (75 din) batati hai; Sunni maakhaz aam taur par taqreeban chhe mahine batate hain.
- Wafat ka sabab: Shia Isna Ashari maakhaz aap ko zakhmi hone ke baad shaheed qarar dete hain; Sunni tareekh-nigari aam taur par beemari darj karti hai.
- Qabr ka maqam namaloom hai; Madina mein kai jagahon ki nishandahi ki jati hai.
- Umm-e-Kulsoom: Umar bin Khattab se un ke nikah ki riwayaat Shia ulama ke darmiyan mukhtalif-feeh hain.
Hawala jaat
- al-Qur’an al-Karim. 33:33; 3:61; 76:5–22; 108
- al-Kafi — al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub (mutawaffa 329 Hijri / 941 Esvi). Kitab al-Hujja, Bab Maulid-uz-Zahra
- Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi)
- Balaghat al-Nisa’ — Ibn Abi Tahir Tayfur, Ahmad (mutawaffa 280 Hijri / 893 Esvi)
- al-Ihtijaj ‘ala Ahl al-Lijaj — al-Tabrisi, Ahmad ibn Ali (chhati sadi Hijri / barahwein sadi Esvi)
- al-Jami‘ al-Sahih — al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Isma‘il (mutawaffa 256 Hijri / 870 Esvi)
- al-Sahih — Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj al-Naysaburi (mutawaffa 261 Hijri / 875 Esvi)
- An Introduction to Shi‘i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi‘ism — Momen, Moojan
- Kitab al-Irshad fi Ma‘rifat Hujaj Allah ‘ala al-‘Ibad — al-Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Nu‘man (mutawaffa 413 Hijri / 1022 Esvi). Hissa awwal
- al-Luhuf ‘ala Qatla al-Tufuf — Ibn Tawus (mutawaffa 664 Hijri / 1266 Esvi)